diff --git a/app/components/flightlab/pfd/PfdAircraftModel.vue b/app/components/flightlab/pfd/PfdAircraftModel.vue
index 64b1241..9bc7885 100644
--- a/app/components/flightlab/pfd/PfdAircraftModel.vue
+++ b/app/components/flightlab/pfd/PfdAircraftModel.vue
@@ -29,56 +29,62 @@ let targetPitchRad = 0
 let targetBankRad = 0
 
 function buildAircraft(): THREE.Group {
+  // Three.js coords: X=right, Y=up, Z=toward viewer
+  // Aircraft: nose toward -Z, wings along X, Y is up
   const group = new THREE.Group()
 
-  // Fuselage - cylinder rotated to lie along X axis
+  const bodyColor = 0xdcdcdc
+  const darkColor = 0x2a2a2a
+  const engineColor = 0x555555
+
+  // Fuselage — cylinder along Z axis (default cylinder is along Y, rotate to Z)
   const fuselageGeo = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.4, 0.35, 5, 12)
-  const fuselageMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0xdcdcdc })
+  const fuselageMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: bodyColor })
   const fuselage = new THREE.Mesh(fuselageGeo, fuselageMat)
-  fuselage.rotation.z = Math.PI / 2
+  fuselage.rotation.x = Math.PI / 2 // rotate Y-cylinder to lie along Z
   group.add(fuselage)
 
-  // Nose cone
+  // Nose cone — pointing toward -Z (forward)
   const noseGeo = new THREE.ConeGeometry(0.35, 1, 12)
-  const noseMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x2a2a2a })
+  const noseMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: darkColor })
   const nose = new THREE.Mesh(noseGeo, noseMat)
-  nose.rotation.z = -Math.PI / 2
-  nose.position.set(3, 0, 0)
+  nose.rotation.x = Math.PI / 2 // cone tip points along -Z
+  nose.position.set(0, 0, -3)
   group.add(nose)
 
-  // Main wings
-  const wingGeo = new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.6, 4.5, 0.08)
-  const wingMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0xdcdcdc })
+  // Main wings — wide along X (wingspan), thin along Z (chord), very thin along Y
+  const wingGeo = new THREE.BoxGeometry(4.5, 0.08, 0.6) // X=span, Y=thickness, Z=chord
+  const wingMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: bodyColor })
   const wings = new THREE.Mesh(wingGeo, wingMat)
-  wings.position.set(-0.2, 0, 0)
+  wings.position.set(0, 0, 0.2)
   group.add(wings)
 
-  // Horizontal stabilizer
-  const hStabGeo = new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.3, 1.8, 0.06)
-  const hStabMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0xdcdcdc })
+  // Horizontal stabilizer — same orientation as wings, smaller
+  const hStabGeo = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1.8, 0.06, 0.3) // X=span, Y=thick, Z=chord
+  const hStabMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: bodyColor })
   const hStab = new THREE.Mesh(hStabGeo, hStabMat)
-  hStab.position.set(-2.3, 0, 0)
+  hStab.position.set(0, 0, 2.3)
   group.add(hStab)
 
-  // Vertical stabilizer
-  const vStabGeo = new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.6, 0.06, 1.2)
-  const vStabMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0xdcdcdc })
+  // Vertical stabilizer — tall along Y, along Z (chord)
+  const vStabGeo = new THREE.BoxGeometry(0.06, 1.2, 0.6) // X=thin, Y=height, Z=chord
+  const vStabMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: bodyColor })
   const vStab = new THREE.Mesh(vStabGeo, vStabMat)
-  vStab.position.set(-2.1, 0, 0.6)
+  vStab.position.set(0, 0.6, 2.1)
   group.add(vStab)
 
-  // Engines (two, under each wing)
+  // Engines (two, under each wing) — cylinders along Z
   const engineGeo = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.18, 0.22, 0.8, 8)
-  const engineMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x555555 })
+  const engineMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: engineColor })
 
   const engineLeft = new THREE.Mesh(engineGeo, engineMat)
-  engineLeft.rotation.z = Math.PI / 2
-  engineLeft.position.set(0.2, -1.5, -0.35)
+  engineLeft.rotation.x = Math.PI / 2 // align along Z
+  engineLeft.position.set(-1.5, -0.35, -0.2)
   group.add(engineLeft)
 
   const engineRight = new THREE.Mesh(engineGeo, engineMat)
-  engineRight.rotation.z = Math.PI / 2
-  engineRight.position.set(0.2, 1.5, -0.35)
+  engineRight.rotation.x = Math.PI / 2 // align along Z
+  engineRight.position.set(1.5, -0.35, -0.2)
   group.add(engineRight)
 
   return group
@@ -96,10 +102,10 @@ function initScene() {
   scene.background = new THREE.Color(0x1a5fb4)
   scene.fog = new THREE.Fog(0x62a0ea, 30, 80)
 
-  // Camera
+  // Camera — view from front-left, slightly above
+  // Aircraft nose points -Z, so camera at +Z looks at front
   camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(50, width / height, 0.1, 200)
-  // View from front-right, slightly above — shows pitch and bank clearly
-  camera.position.set(6, 2, 4)
+  camera.position.set(-4, 3, -6)
   camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0)
 
   // Lights
@@ -156,11 +162,11 @@ function animate() {
   animFrameId = requestAnimationFrame(animate)
 
   if (aircraft) {
-    // Aircraft flies along +X, wings along Y, Z is up
-    // Pitch: rotate around Y axis (wing axis) — positive pitch = nose up
-    aircraft.rotation.y = lerp(aircraft.rotation.y, targetPitchRad, 0.1)
-    // Bank: rotate around X axis (longitudinal axis) — positive bank = right wing down
-    aircraft.rotation.x = lerp(aircraft.rotation.x, targetBankRad, 0.1)
+    // Aircraft: nose toward -Z, wings along X, Y is up
+    // Pitch: rotate around X axis — positive pitch = nose up (rotates nose away from -Z toward +Y)
+    aircraft.rotation.x = lerp(aircraft.rotation.x, targetPitchRad, 0.1)
+    // Bank: rotate around Z axis — positive bank = right wing down
+    aircraft.rotation.z = lerp(aircraft.rotation.z, -targetBankRad, 0.1)
   }
 
   if (renderer && scene && camera) {
diff --git a/app/components/flightlab/pfd/PfdHeadingIndicator.vue b/app/components/flightlab/pfd/PfdHeadingIndicator.vue
index 003a173..69f78e1 100644
--- a/app/components/flightlab/pfd/PfdHeadingIndicator.vue
+++ b/app/components/flightlab/pfd/PfdHeadingIndicator.vue
@@ -93,23 +93,52 @@ const readoutBoxHeight = 18
       rx="2"
     />
 
-    <!-- Scrolling compass tape (clipped) -->
+    <!-- Readout box at top center (yellow heading value) -->
+    <rect
+      :x="centerX - readoutBoxWidth / 2"
+      y="2"
+      :width="readoutBoxWidth"
+      :height="readoutBoxHeight"
+      fill="rgba(10,10,30,0.95)"
+      stroke="#facc15"
+      stroke-width="1"
+      rx="2"
+    />
+    <text
+      :x="centerX"
+      :y="16"
+      fill="#facc15"
+      font-size="12"
+      font-weight="bold"
+      text-anchor="middle"
+      font-family="monospace"
+    >
+      {{ readoutText }}
+    </text>
+
+    <!-- Center pointer triangle (yellow, pointing down from readout box) -->
+    <polygon
+      :points="`${centerX},${readoutBoxHeight + 6} ${centerX - 4},${readoutBoxHeight + 2} ${centerX + 4},${readoutBoxHeight + 2}`"
+      fill="#facc15"
+    />
+
+    <!-- Scrolling compass tape (clipped) — ticks grow upward from bottom -->
     <g :clip-path="`url(#${clipId})`">
       <g v-for="mark in marks" :key="mark.deg">
-        <!-- Tick mark -->
+        <!-- Tick mark (from bottom upward) -->
         <line
           :x1="mark.x"
-          y1="0"
+          :y1="height"
           :x2="mark.x"
-          :y2="mark.isMajor ? 12 : 7"
+          :y2="mark.isMajor ? height - 12 : height - 7"
           stroke="white"
           :stroke-width="mark.isMajor ? 1.5 : 1"
         />
-        <!-- Label -->
+        <!-- Label (above tick) -->
         <text
           v-if="mark.isMajor"
           :x="mark.x"
-          y="24"
+          :y="height - 15"
           fill="white"
           font-size="11"
           text-anchor="middle"
@@ -119,34 +148,5 @@ const readoutBoxHeight = 18
         </text>
       </g>
     </g>
-
-    <!-- Center pointer triangle (cyan) -->
-    <polygon
-      :points="`${centerX},2 ${centerX - 5},0 ${centerX + 5},0`"
-      fill="#22d3ee"
-    />
-
-    <!-- Readout box at bottom -->
-    <rect
-      :x="centerX - readoutBoxWidth / 2"
-      :y="height - readoutBoxHeight - 2"
-      :width="readoutBoxWidth"
-      :height="readoutBoxHeight"
-      fill="rgba(10,10,30,0.95)"
-      stroke="#22d3ee"
-      stroke-width="1"
-      rx="2"
-    />
-    <text
-      :x="centerX"
-      :y="height - 6"
-      fill="#22d3ee"
-      font-size="12"
-      font-weight="bold"
-      text-anchor="middle"
-      font-family="monospace"
-    >
-      {{ readoutText }}
-    </text>
   </svg>
 </template>