diff --git a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/channel/alipay/manage/mch/AlipayAppAuthTokenUpdate.vue b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/channel/alipay/manage/mch/AlipayAppAuthTokenUpdate.vue
index 3d0b4c222..54dac1e77 100644
--- a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/channel/alipay/manage/mch/AlipayAppAuthTokenUpdate.vue
+++ b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/channel/alipay/manage/mch/AlipayAppAuthTokenUpdate.vue
@@ -25,8 +25,14 @@
   const channelMchNo = ref('');
   // 服务商通道商户配置(用于展示当前令牌 / 子商户号)
   const isvConfig = ref<AlipayIsvChannelMerchantConfig>({});
-  // 新令牌输入
-  const newAuthToken = ref('');
+  // 手动设置表单
+  const formRef = ref();
+  const formState = ref({ appAuthToken: '' });
+  const formRules = {
+    appAuthToken: [
+      { required: true, whitespace: true, message: $t('payment.merchant.channelMerchant.appAuthTokenRequired') },
+    ],
+  };
   // 当前 Tab: manual | agent
   const activeTab = ref<'agent' | 'manual'>('manual');
   // 代运营授权链接
@@ -67,7 +73,7 @@
   /** 打开抽屉 */
   function open(mchNo: string) {
     channelMchNo.value = mchNo;
-    newAuthToken.value = '';
+    formState.value = { appAuthToken: '' };
     authUrl.value = '';
     callbackUrl.value = '';
     activeTab.value = 'manual';
@@ -82,9 +88,11 @@
   }
 
   /** 保存新令牌(二次确认后提交) */
-  function handleSave() {
-    if (!newAuthToken.value.trim()) {
-      message.warning($t('payment.merchant.channelMerchant.appAuthTokenRequired'));
+  async function handleSave() {
+    try {
+      await formRef.value?.validate();
+    } catch {
+      // 校验失败: 表单已显示错误提示
       return;
     }
     confirm({
@@ -96,7 +104,7 @@
         saving.value = true;
         return AlipayIsvChannelMerchantApi.updateAppAuthToken({
           channelMchNo: channelMchNo.value,
-          appAuthToken: newAuthToken.value.trim(),
+          appAuthToken: formState.value.appAuthToken.trim(),
         })
           .then(() => {
             message.success($t('payment.merchant.channelMerchant.appAuthTokenUpdateSuccess'));
@@ -177,7 +185,7 @@
       <a-tabs v-model:active-key="activeTab" class="auth-token-tabs">
         <!-- 国际化：手动设置 -->
         <a-tab-pane key="manual" :tab="$t('payment.merchant.channelMerchant.tabManualToken')">
-          <a-form layout="vertical" class="pt-2">
+          <a-form ref="formRef" layout="vertical" class="pt-2" :model="formState" :rules="formRules">
             <!-- 国际化：当前令牌 -->
             <a-form-item :label="$t('payment.merchant.channelMerchant.appAuthTokenCurrent')">
               <div class="current-token-value">
@@ -185,9 +193,9 @@
               </div>
             </a-form-item>
             <!-- 国际化：新令牌 -->
-            <a-form-item :label="$t('payment.merchant.channelMerchant.appAuthTokenNew')">
+            <a-form-item :label="$t('payment.merchant.channelMerchant.appAuthTokenNew')" name="appAuthToken">
               <a-input
-                v-model:value="newAuthToken"
+                v-model:value="formState.appAuthToken"
                 :placeholder="$t('payment.merchant.channelMerchant.appAuthTokenNewPlaceholder')"
                 allow-clear
               />
diff --git a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/develop/auth/ChannelAuth.vue b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/develop/auth/ChannelAuth.vue
index c3452d672..87387cfc5 100644
--- a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/develop/auth/ChannelAuth.vue
+++ b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/develop/auth/ChannelAuth.vue
@@ -36,11 +36,17 @@
   const authResult = ref<AuthResult>({});
 
   /** 微信支付表单 */
+  const formRef = ref();
   const form = reactive({
-    mchNo: '',
-    channelMchNo: '',
-    capability: '',
+    mchNo: undefined as string | undefined,
+    channelMchNo: undefined as string | undefined,
+    capability: undefined as string | undefined,
   });
+  const formRules = {
+    mchNo: [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.develop.auth.form.rule.mchNo') }],
+    channelMchNo: [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.develop.auth.form.rule.channelMchNo') }],
+    capability: [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.develop.auth.form.rule.capability') }],
+  };
 
   /** 微信小程序表单(端类型: merchant 商户端 / admin 运营端) */
   const wechatMiniForm = reactive({
@@ -136,8 +142,8 @@
 
   /** 商户变更: 刷新通道商户候选 */
   function merchantChange() {
-    form.channelMchNo = '';
-    form.capability = '';
+    form.channelMchNo = undefined;
+    form.capability = undefined;
     channelMchNoOptions.value = [];
     capabilityOptions.value = [];
     if (!form.mchNo) return;
@@ -147,7 +153,7 @@
 
   /** 通道商户变更: 重置能力并重载能力候选 */
   function channelMchNoChange() {
-    form.capability = '';
+    form.capability = undefined;
     capabilityOptions.value = [];
     if (form.channelMchNo) {
       loadCapabilityCandidates(form.channelMchNo);
@@ -181,16 +187,10 @@
     }
     // 微信支付: 表单校验
     if (authType.value === 'wechatChannel') {
-      if (!form.mchNo) {
-        message.warning($t('payment.develop.auth.form.rule.mchNo'));
-        return;
-      }
-      if (!form.channelMchNo) {
-        message.warning($t('payment.develop.auth.form.rule.channelMchNo'));
-        return;
-      }
-      if (!form.capability) {
-        message.warning($t('payment.develop.auth.form.rule.capability'));
+      try {
+        await formRef.value?.validate();
+      } catch {
+        // 校验失败: 表单已显示错误提示
         return;
       }
     }
@@ -303,8 +303,14 @@
 
               <!-- 微信支付：商户参数表单 -->
               <div v-if="authType === 'wechatChannel'" class="form-panel">
-                <a-form layout="vertical" class="channel-auth-form">
-                  <a-form-item :label="$t('payment.develop.auth.form.mchNo')">
+                <a-form
+                  ref="formRef"
+                  layout="vertical"
+                  class="channel-auth-form"
+                  :model="form"
+                  :rules="formRules"
+                >
+                  <a-form-item :label="$t('payment.develop.auth.form.mchNo')" name="mchNo">
                     <a-select
                       v-model:value="form.mchNo"
                       :options="mchNoOptions"
@@ -315,7 +321,7 @@
                       @change="merchantChange"
                     />
                   </a-form-item>
-                  <a-form-item :label="$t('payment.develop.auth.form.channelMchNo')">
+                  <a-form-item :label="$t('payment.develop.auth.form.channelMchNo')" name="channelMchNo">
                     <a-select
                       v-model:value="form.channelMchNo"
                       :options="channelMchNoOptions"
@@ -326,7 +332,7 @@
                       @change="channelMchNoChange"
                     />
                   </a-form-item>
-                  <a-form-item :label="$t('payment.develop.auth.form.capability')" class="form-item-last">
+                  <a-form-item :label="$t('payment.develop.auth.form.capability')" name="capability" class="form-item-last">
                     <a-select
                       v-model:value="form.capability"
                       :options="capabilityOptions"
diff --git a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/develop/trade/DevelopTrade.vue b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/develop/trade/DevelopTrade.vue
index 2f945d59c..a5b135b84 100644
--- a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/develop/trade/DevelopTrade.vue
+++ b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/develop/trade/DevelopTrade.vue
@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@
   // 支付模式: route=路由模式(商户+方式+应用动态匹配) direct=直传模式(通道商户+能力直接决定)
   const routeMode = ref<'direct' | 'route'>('route');
 
+  // 私钥独立存储(标签+弹窗交互, 校验通过 form 自定义规则挂接)
+  const privateKey = ref('');
+  const privateKeyVisible = ref(false);
+  const privateKeyInput = ref('');
+  const loading = ref(false);
+
   // ===== 表单校验规则(按模式动态生成) =====
   const formRules = computed<Record<string, any[]>>(() => {
     // 通用必填字段
@@ -38,6 +44,16 @@
       bizOrderNo: [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.develop.trade.rule.bizOrderNo') }],
       amount: [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.develop.trade.rule.amount') }],
       title: [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.develop.trade.rule.title') }],
+      // 私钥存独立 ref, 用自定义校验挂到 form 上
+      privateKey: [
+        {
+          validator: async () => {
+            if (!privateKey.value) {
+              return Promise.reject(new Error($t('payment.develop.trade.msg.inputPrivateKey')));
+            }
+          },
+        },
+      ],
     };
     // 路由模式: 支付方式必填
     if (routeMode.value === 'route') {
@@ -62,11 +78,6 @@
     capability: '',
     description: '',
   });
-
-  const privateKey = ref('');
-  const privateKeyVisible = ref(false);
-  const privateKeyInput = ref('');
-  const loading = ref(false);
   const signPreviewLoading = ref(false);
 
   // ===== 下拉选项 =====
@@ -203,6 +214,8 @@
       localStorage.removeItem(PRIVATE_KEY_STORAGE_KEY);
     }
     privateKeyVisible.value = false;
+    // 清除私钥字段校验态
+    formRef.value?.clearValidate?.(['privateKey']);
     message.success($t('payment.develop.trade.privateKey.savedTip'));
   }
 
@@ -214,6 +227,7 @@
       onOk() {
         privateKey.value = '';
         localStorage.removeItem(PRIVATE_KEY_STORAGE_KEY);
+        formRef.value?.clearValidate?.(['privateKey']);
         message.success($t('payment.develop.trade.privateKey.clearedTip'));
       },
     });
@@ -247,8 +261,10 @@
 
   /** 生成签名预览(内联展示, 不弹结果) */
   async function handleSignPreview() {
-    if (!privateKey.value) {
-      message.warning($t('payment.develop.trade.msg.inputPrivateKey'));
+    try {
+      await formRef.value?.validateFields(['privateKey']);
+    } catch {
+      // 校验失败: 表单已显示错误提示
       return;
     }
     signPreviewLoading.value = true;
@@ -279,17 +295,13 @@
   // ===== 提交 =====
   /** 发起真实支付调试 */
   async function handlePay() {
-    // 表单字段校验
+    // 表单字段校验(含私钥自定义规则)
     try {
       await formRef.value?.validate();
     } catch {
       // 校验未通过,字段错误已由表单自动展示
       return;
     }
-    if (!privateKey.value) {
-      message.warning($t('payment.develop.trade.msg.inputPrivateKey'));
-      return;
-    }
     loading.value = true;
     try {
       const { data } = await DevelopTradeApi.pay({
@@ -380,8 +392,8 @@
                   </div>
                 </template>
 
-                <!-- 私钥状态行 -->
-                <a-form-item :label="$t('payment.develop.trade.field.privateKey')" required>
+                <!-- 私钥状态行(校验挂 form.privateKey 自定义规则, 实际值在 privateKey ref) -->
+                <a-form-item :label="$t('payment.develop.trade.field.privateKey')" name="privateKey">
                   <div class="flex items-center gap-2">
                     <a-tag v-if="privateKey" color="success">
                       <IconifyIcon icon="ant-design:check-circle-outlined" class="mr-0.5" />
diff --git a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/device/qrcode/DeviceQrCode.vue b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/device/qrcode/DeviceQrCode.vue
index 788ea2d71..72d43b2ad 100644
--- a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/device/qrcode/DeviceQrCode.vue
+++ b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/device/qrcode/DeviceQrCode.vue
@@ -290,7 +290,18 @@
           @checkbox-all="handleCheckboxChange"
         >
           <vxe-column type="checkbox" width="50" />
-          <vxe-column field="code" :title="$t('payment.device.qrcode.field.code')" :min-width="200" />
+          <!-- 编码可点, 打开查看码牌弹窗(替代操作列单独按钮) -->
+          <vxe-column field="code" :title="$t('payment.device.qrcode.field.code')" :min-width="200">
+            <template #default="{ row }">
+              <a
+                v-if="hasPermission(PermCodes.Device.QrCode.VIEW) && row.code"
+                class="vben-link"
+                @click="handleViewCode(row)"
+                >{{ row.code }}</a
+              >
+              <span v-else>{{ row.code || '-' }}</span>
+            </template>
+          </vxe-column>
           <vxe-column field="name" :title="$t('payment.device.qrcode.field.name')" :min-width="140" />
           <vxe-column field="batchNo" :title="$t('payment.device.qrcode.field.batchNo')" :min-width="140">
             <template #default="{ row }">
@@ -307,27 +318,18 @@
               <a-tag v-else color="default">{{ $t('payment.device.qrcode.unbound') }}</a-tag>
             </template>
           </vxe-column>
+          <!-- 金额类型 + 固定金额合并: 固定显示金额, 自定义显示类型文案 -->
           <vxe-column
             field="amountType"
-            :title="$t('payment.device.qrcode.field.amountType')"
-            :min-width="110"
-            align="center"
-          >
-            <template #default="{ row }">
-              {{ $t(`payment.device.qrcode.amountType.${row.amountType}`) }}
-            </template>
-          </vxe-column>
-          <vxe-column
-            field="fixedAmount"
-            :title="$t('payment.device.qrcode.field.fixedAmount')"
+            :title="$t('payment.device.qrcode.amountLabel')"
             :min-width="120"
-            align="right"
+            align="center"
           >
             <template #default="{ row }">
               <span v-if="row.amountType === 'fixed' && row.fixedAmount">
                 ¥{{ (row.fixedAmount / 100).toFixed(2) }}
               </span>
-              <span v-else style="color: var(--text-color-placeholder)">-</span>
+              <span v-else>{{ $t(`payment.device.qrcode.amountType.${row.amountType || 'random'}`) }}</span>
             </template>
           </vxe-column>
           <vxe-column field="status" :title="$t('payment.device.qrcode.field.status')" :min-width="100" align="center">
@@ -346,19 +348,12 @@
             :min-width="180"
             formatter="formatDateTime"
           />
-          <vxe-column fixed="right" width="220" :show-overflow="false" :title="$t('common.operation')">
+          <vxe-column fixed="right" width="180" :show-overflow="false" :title="$t('common.operation')">
             <template #default="{ row }">
               <a-space :size="2">
                 <template #separator>
                   <a-divider type="vertical" />
                 </template>
-                <a-button
-                  v-if="hasPermission(PermCodes.Device.QrCode.VIEW)"
-                  type="link"
-                  size="small"
-                  @click="handleViewCode(row)"
-                  >{{ $t('payment.device.qrcode.viewCode') }}</a-button
-                >
                 <a-button
                   v-if="hasPermission(PermCodes.Device.QrCode.MANAGE)"
                   type="link"
diff --git a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/device/qrcode/DeviceQrCodeBatchCreate.vue b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/device/qrcode/DeviceQrCodeBatchCreate.vue
index e448879d8..485f3d5e5 100644
--- a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/device/qrcode/DeviceQrCodeBatchCreate.vue
+++ b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/device/qrcode/DeviceQrCodeBatchCreate.vue
@@ -18,9 +18,8 @@
   const visible = ref(false);
   const confirmLoading = ref(false);
   const formRef = ref();
-  // 固定金额展示值(元)
-  const fixedAmountYuan = ref<number | undefined>(undefined);
 
+  // formState.fixedAmount 以「元」存储, 提交时再×100转分
   const formState = ref<DeviceQrCodeBatchParam>({
     batchNo: '',
     count: 10,
@@ -30,12 +29,26 @@
 
   const isFixedAmount = computed(() => formState.value.amountType === 'fixed');
 
-  const formRules = computed(() => ({
-    batchNo: [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.device.qrcode.validateBatchNo') }],
-    count: [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.device.qrcode.validateCount') }],
-    amountType: [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.device.qrcode.validateAmountType') }],
-    status: [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.device.qrcode.validateStatus') }],
-  }));
+  const formRules = computed(() => {
+    const rules: Record<string, any[]> = {
+      batchNo: [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.device.qrcode.validateBatchNo') }],
+      count: [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.device.qrcode.validateCount') }],
+      amountType: [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.device.qrcode.validateAmountType') }],
+      status: [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.device.qrcode.validateStatus') }],
+    };
+    // 固定金额类型时金额必填
+    if (isFixedAmount.value) {
+      rules.fixedAmount = [
+        { required: true, message: $t('payment.device.qrcode.validateFixedAmount') },
+        {
+          type: 'number',
+          min: 0.01,
+          message: $t('payment.device.qrcode.validateFixedAmount'),
+        },
+      ];
+    }
+    return rules;
+  });
 
   /**
    * 一键生成批次号: Q + YYMMDDHHmmss(对齐商业版)
@@ -56,8 +69,8 @@
       count: 10,
       amountType: 'random',
       status: 'enabled',
+      fixedAmount: undefined,
     };
-    fixedAmountYuan.value = undefined;
     visible.value = true;
     await nextTick();
     formRef.value?.clearValidate?.();
@@ -95,18 +108,14 @@
     } catch {
       return;
     }
-    if (isFixedAmount.value && (fixedAmountYuan.value === undefined || fixedAmountYuan.value <= 0)) {
-      message.error($t('payment.device.qrcode.validateFixedAmount'));
-      return;
-    }
     confirmLoading.value = true;
     try {
       const payload: DeviceQrCodeBatchParam = {
         ...formState.value,
         batchNo: formState.value.batchNo?.trim(),
         fixedAmount:
-          isFixedAmount.value && fixedAmountYuan.value
-            ? Math.round(fixedAmountYuan.value * 100)
+          isFixedAmount.value && formState.value.fixedAmount
+            ? Math.round(formState.value.fixedAmount * 100)
             : undefined,
       };
       // 再校验一次批次号
@@ -182,9 +191,10 @@
             <a-radio-button value="fixed">{{ $t('payment.device.qrcode.amountType.fixed') }}</a-radio-button>
           </a-radio-group>
         </a-form-item>
-        <a-form-item v-if="isFixedAmount" :label="$t('payment.device.qrcode.field.fixedAmount')">
+        <!-- 固定金额(仅固定金额类型显示, 表单内以元存储) -->
+        <a-form-item v-if="isFixedAmount" :label="$t('payment.device.qrcode.field.fixedAmount')" name="fixedAmount">
           <a-input-number
-            v-model:value="fixedAmountYuan"
+            v-model:value="formState.fixedAmount"
             :min="0.01"
             :step="0.01"
             :precision="2"
diff --git a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/device/qrcode/DeviceQrCodeEdit.vue b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/device/qrcode/DeviceQrCodeEdit.vue
index ad19ef122..50d1e5853 100644
--- a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/device/qrcode/DeviceQrCodeEdit.vue
+++ b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/device/qrcode/DeviceQrCodeEdit.vue
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@
     amountType: 'random',
   });
 
+  // 金额类型为固定时, 固定金额必填
+  const isFixedAmount = computed(() => formState.value.amountType === 'fixed');
+
+  // formState.fixedAmount 以「元」存储, 提交时再×100转分
   const formRules = computed(() => {
     const rules: Record<string, any[]> = {
       name: [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.device.qrcode.validateName') }],
@@ -44,15 +48,20 @@
     if (!isEdit.value) {
       rules.mchNo = [{ required: true, message: $t('payment.device.qrcode.validateMchNo') }];
     }
+    // 固定金额类型时金额必填
+    if (isFixedAmount.value) {
+      rules.fixedAmount = [
+        { required: true, message: $t('payment.device.qrcode.validateFixedAmount') },
+        {
+          type: 'number',
+          min: 0.01,
+          message: $t('payment.device.qrcode.validateFixedAmount'),
+        },
+      ];
+    }
     return rules;
   });
 
-  // 金额类型为固定时, 固定金额必填
-  const isFixedAmount = computed(() => formState.value.amountType === 'fixed');
-
-  // 固定金额展示值(元), 提交时转回分
-  const fixedAmountYuan = ref<number | undefined>(undefined);
-
   /**
    * 加载商户下拉
    */
@@ -81,8 +90,8 @@
       name: '',
       mchNo: '',
       amountType: 'random',
+      fixedAmount: undefined,
     };
-    fixedAmountYuan.value = undefined;
     appOptions.value = [];
     formRef.value?.resetFields();
   }
@@ -112,10 +121,10 @@
         mchNo: row.mchNo,
         appId: row.appId,
         amountType: row.amountType,
-        fixedAmount: row.fixedAmount,
+        // 分转元展示
+        fixedAmount: row.fixedAmount ? row.fixedAmount / 100 : undefined,
         remark: row.remark,
       };
-      fixedAmountYuan.value = row.fixedAmount ? row.fixedAmount / 100 : undefined;
     } finally {
       confirmLoading.value = false;
     }
@@ -131,17 +140,15 @@
       // 校验失败: 表单已显示错误提示
       return;
     }
-    // 固定金额校验
-    if (isFixedAmount.value && (fixedAmountYuan.value === undefined || fixedAmountYuan.value <= 0)) {
-      message.error($t('payment.device.qrcode.validateFixedAmount'));
-      return;
-    }
     confirmLoading.value = true;
     try {
       // 金额元转分, 在构造时一次性赋值避免对对象立即修改
       const payload: DeviceQrCodeParam = {
         ...formState.value,
-        fixedAmount: isFixedAmount.value && fixedAmountYuan.value ? Math.round(fixedAmountYuan.value * 100) : undefined,
+        fixedAmount:
+          isFixedAmount.value && formState.value.fixedAmount
+            ? Math.round(formState.value.fixedAmount * 100)
+            : undefined,
       };
       await (formEditType.value === FormEditType.Edit ? DeviceQrCodeApi.update(payload) : DeviceQrCodeApi.add(payload));
       message.success($t('common.operationSuccess'));
@@ -218,10 +225,10 @@
             <a-radio-button value="fixed">{{ $t('payment.device.qrcode.amountType.fixed') }}</a-radio-button>
           </a-radio-group>
         </a-form-item>
-        <!-- 固定金额(仅固定金额类型显示) -->
+        <!-- 固定金额(仅固定金额类型显示, 表单内以元存储) -->
         <a-form-item v-if="isFixedAmount" :label="$t('payment.device.qrcode.field.fixedAmount')" name="fixedAmount">
           <a-input-number
-            v-model:value="fixedAmountYuan"
+            v-model:value="formState.fixedAmount"
             :min="0.01"
             :step="0.01"
             :precision="2"
diff --git a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/order/NormalOrderList.vue b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/order/NormalOrderList.vue
index 23dc04a28..cf858496e 100644
--- a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/order/NormalOrderList.vue
+++ b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/payment/order/NormalOrderList.vue
@@ -45,11 +45,30 @@
   const refundVisible = ref(false);
   const refundLoading = ref(false);
   const refundFetching = ref(false);
+  const refundFormRef = ref();
   // refundForm.amount 以「元」存储, 提交时再×100转分
-  const refundForm = ref<{ amount: number; orderNo?: string; reason?: string }>({ amount: 0, reason: '' });
+  const refundForm = ref<{ amount?: number; orderNo?: string; reason?: string }>({ amount: undefined, reason: '' });
   const refundRow = ref<NormalOrderResult | null>(null);
   // 可退金额(元), 作为退款金额输入框上限
   const refundableYuan = computed(() => (refundRow.value?.refundableBalance ?? 0) / 100);
+  // 退款表单校验(走 form rules, 不手写 message)
+  const refundRules = computed(() => ({
+    amount: [
+      { required: true, message: $t('payment.order.action.refundAmountPlaceholder') },
+      {
+        type: 'number',
+        min: 0.01,
+        message: $t('payment.order.action.refundAmountPlaceholder'),
+      },
+      {
+        validator: async (_rule: unknown, value: number) => {
+          if (value != null && value > refundableYuan.value) {
+            return Promise.reject(new Error($t('payment.order.action.refundAmountExceed')));
+          }
+        },
+      },
+    ],
+  }));
 
   // 业务状态下拉
   const statusOptions = computed(() =>
@@ -291,23 +310,27 @@
   /**
    * 提交退款
    */
-  function submitRefund() {
-    if (!refundRow.value) return;
-    // 校验退款金额(元)不能超过可退金额(元)
-    if (refundForm.value.amount > refundableYuan.value) {
-      message.error($t('payment.order.action.refundAmountExceed'));
+  async function submitRefund() {
+    if (!refundRow.value) {
       return;
     }
+    try {
+      await refundFormRef.value?.validate();
+    } catch {
+      // 校验失败: 表单已显示错误提示; 拒绝以阻止 modal 关闭
+      return Promise.reject();
+    }
     // 元转分提交
+    const amountYuan = refundForm.value.amount ?? 0;
     const param: PayRefundParam = {
       orderNo: refundForm.value.orderNo,
       bizOrderNo: refundRow.value.bizOrderNo,
-      amount: Math.round(refundForm.value.amount * 100),
+      amount: Math.round(amountYuan * 100),
       reason: refundForm.value.reason,
     };
     confirm({
       title: $t('payment.order.action.refundConfirmTitle'),
-      content: $t('payment.order.action.refundConfirmContent', { amount: refundForm.value.amount.toFixed(2) }),
+      content: $t('payment.order.action.refundConfirmContent', { amount: amountYuan.toFixed(2) }),
       onOk() {
         refundLoading.value = true;
         return RefundOrderApi.refund(param)
@@ -564,8 +587,8 @@
       @cancel="handleRefundClose"
     >
       <a-spin :spinning="refundFetching">
-        <a-form :label-col="{ span: 6 }">
-          <a-form-item :label="$t('payment.order.action.refundAmountLabel')">
+        <a-form ref="refundFormRef" :model="refundForm" :rules="refundRules" :label-col="{ span: 6 }">
+          <a-form-item :label="$t('payment.order.action.refundAmountLabel')" name="amount">
             <a-input-number
               v-model:value="refundForm.amount"
               :min="0.01"
diff --git a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/system/protocol/UserProtocolList.vue b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/system/protocol/UserProtocolList.vue
index 31a05ad16..8e5c95e72 100644
--- a/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/system/protocol/UserProtocolList.vue
+++ b/apps/daxpay-admin/src/views/system/protocol/UserProtocolList.vue
@@ -74,9 +74,13 @@
 
   // 复制到其他端弹窗
   const copyVisible = ref(false);
+  const copyFormRef = ref();
   const copySourceId = ref<string>('');
   const copySourceClientType = ref<string>('');
-  const copyTargetType = ref<string>('');
+  const copyForm = ref<{ clientType?: string }>({ clientType: undefined });
+  const copyRules = {
+    clientType: [{ required: true, message: $t('system.protocol.selectClientType') }],
+  };
 
   onMounted(() => {
     xTable.value?.connectToolbar(xToolbar.value as VxeToolbarInstance);
@@ -213,17 +217,19 @@
   function handleCopy(row: any) {
     copySourceId.value = row.id;
     copySourceClientType.value = row.clientType;
-    copyTargetType.value = '';
+    copyForm.value = { clientType: undefined };
     copyVisible.value = true;
   }
 
   /** 确认复制 */
-  function confirmCopy() {
-    if (!copyTargetType.value) {
-      message.warning($t('system.protocol.selectClientType'));
-      return;
+  async function confirmCopy() {
+    try {
+      await copyFormRef.value?.validate();
+    } catch {
+      // 校验失败: 表单已显示错误提示; 拒绝以阻止 modal 关闭
+      return Promise.reject();
     }
-    UserProtocolApi.copyToClient(copySourceId.value, copyTargetType.value).then(() => {
+    return UserProtocolApi.copyToClient(copySourceId.value, copyForm.value.clientType!).then(() => {
       message.success($t('common.operationSuccess'));
       copyVisible.value = false;
       queryPage();
@@ -352,10 +358,16 @@
       :cancel-text="$t('common.cancelText')"
       @ok="confirmCopy"
     >
-      <a-form :label-col="{ span: 6 }" :wrapper-col="{ span: 16 }">
-        <a-form-item :label="$t('system.protocol.clientType')">
+      <a-form
+        ref="copyFormRef"
+        :model="copyForm"
+        :rules="copyRules"
+        :label-col="{ span: 6 }"
+        :wrapper-col="{ span: 16 }"
+      >
+        <a-form-item :label="$t('system.protocol.clientType')" name="clientType">
           <a-select
-            v-model:value="copyTargetType"
+            v-model:value="copyForm.clientType"
             :options="clientTypeOptions.filter((i) => i.value !== copySourceClientType)"
             :placeholder="$t('system.protocol.selectClientType')"
           />