diff --git a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-common/common-i18n/src/main/resources/i18n/en-US/error/auth/auth.json b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-common/common-i18n/src/main/resources/i18n/en-US/error/auth.json
similarity index 100%
rename from daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-common/common-i18n/src/main/resources/i18n/en-US/error/auth/auth.json
rename to daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-common/common-i18n/src/main/resources/i18n/en-US/error/auth.json
diff --git a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-common/common-i18n/src/main/resources/i18n/zh-CN/error/auth/auth.json b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-common/common-i18n/src/main/resources/i18n/zh-CN/error/auth.json
similarity index 100%
rename from daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-common/common-i18n/src/main/resources/i18n/zh-CN/error/auth/auth.json
rename to daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-common/common-i18n/src/main/resources/i18n/zh-CN/error/auth.json
diff --git a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/auth/service/twofactor/TwoFactorPreAuthService.java b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/auth/service/twofactor/TwoFactorPreAuthService.java
index 1a0e46ca2..096e5e040 100644
--- a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/auth/service/twofactor/TwoFactorPreAuthService.java
+++ b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/auth/service/twofactor/TwoFactorPreAuthService.java
@@ -32,21 +32,25 @@ public class TwoFactorPreAuthService {
         return token;
     }
 
-    /// 消费预认证令牌(取出并立即删除, 单次有效), 不存在或已过期返回 null
-    public PreAuthContext consume(String token) {
+    /// 读取预认证令牌上下文(不删除, 供二次验证重试), 不存在或已过期返回 null
+    public PreAuthContext get(String token) {
         if (token == null || token.isBlank()) {
             return null;
         }
-        String key = PREFIX + token;
-        String json = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
+        String json = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(PREFIX + token);
         if (json == null) {
             return null;
         }
-        // 立即删除, 保证单次有效
-        stringRedisTemplate.delete(key);
         return JSONUtil.toBean(json, PreAuthContext.class);
     }
 
+    /// 删除预认证令牌(二次验证通过后调用, 保证单次有效)
+    public void delete(String token) {
+        if (token != null && !token.isBlank()) {
+            stringRedisTemplate.delete(PREFIX + token);
+        }
+    }
+
     /// 预认证上下文
     public record PreAuthContext(Long userId, String clientCode, String loginType) {
     }
diff --git a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/controller/user/UserTwoFactorController.java b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/controller/user/UserTwoFactorController.java
index fafd21469..b3e2db84b 100644
--- a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/controller/user/UserTwoFactorController.java
+++ b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/controller/user/UserTwoFactorController.java
@@ -51,13 +51,13 @@ public class UserTwoFactorController {
     @Operation(summary = "关闭双因素认证")
     @PostMapping("/disable")
     public Result<Void> disable(@RequestBody @Validated TwoFactorCodeParam param) {
-        userTwoFactorService.disable(param.getCode());
+        userTwoFactorService.disable(param.getCode(), param.getCodeType());
         return Res.ok();
     }
 
     @Operation(summary = "重新生成备用验证码")
     @PostMapping("/regenerate-backup-codes")
     public Result<BackupCodeResult> regenerateBackupCodes(@RequestBody @Validated TwoFactorCodeParam param) {
-        return Res.ok(userTwoFactorService.regenerateBackupCodes(param.getCode()));
+        return Res.ok(userTwoFactorService.regenerateBackupCodes(param.getCode(), param.getCodeType()));
     }
 }
diff --git a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/endpoint/TokenService.java b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/endpoint/TokenService.java
index 58c06c621..ab24ac474 100644
--- a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/endpoint/TokenService.java
+++ b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/endpoint/TokenService.java
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public class TokenService {
     /// 双因素认证二次验证: 校验预认证令牌 + 动态码/备用码, 通过后建立会话
     public String secondVerify(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
                                String preAuthToken, String code, String codeType) {
-        TwoFactorPreAuthService.PreAuthContext context = twoFactorPreAuthService.consume(preAuthToken);
+        TwoFactorPreAuthService.PreAuthContext context = twoFactorPreAuthService.get(preAuthToken);
         // 预认证令牌无效或已过期
         if (context == null) {
             throw new LoginFailureException("error.auth.twoFactorPreAuthExpired");
@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@ public class TokenService {
             // 双因素认证: 动态码或备用码错误
             throw new LoginFailureException(userId, userInfoResult.getAccount(), "error.auth.twoFactorCodeError");
         }
+        // 验证通过, 删除预认证令牌(单次有效)
+        twoFactorPreAuthService.delete(preAuthToken);
         // 恢复登录流程
         UserDetail userDetail = userInfoResult.toUserDetail();
         AuthInfoResult authInfoResult = new AuthInfoResult()
diff --git a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/entity/twofactor/UserTwoFactor.java b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/entity/twofactor/UserTwoFactor.java
index f9e1a4a4b..cc8d9a79f 100644
--- a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/entity/twofactor/UserTwoFactor.java
+++ b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/entity/twofactor/UserTwoFactor.java
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ import lombok.Data;
 import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
 import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
 
-import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
-
 /// # 用户双因素认证绑定记录
 ///
 /// 一对一关联用户, 记录存在即代表该用户已启用 TOTP 双因素认证。
@@ -38,7 +36,4 @@ public class UserTwoFactor extends MpBaseEntity {
 
     /// 剩余可用备用验证码数量(冗余字段, 便于查询展示)
     private Integer backupCodesRemaining;
-
-    /// 最后验证时间 (UTC)
-    private OffsetDateTime lastVerifyTime;
 }
diff --git a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/param/twofactor/TwoFactorCodeParam.java b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/param/twofactor/TwoFactorCodeParam.java
index d27ea1cb0..59bd1fe50 100644
--- a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/param/twofactor/TwoFactorCodeParam.java
+++ b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/param/twofactor/TwoFactorCodeParam.java
@@ -5,19 +5,23 @@ import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
 import lombok.Data;
 import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
 
-/// # 双因素认证动态码参数
+/// # 双因素认证验证码参数
 ///
-/// 绑定确认 / 关闭 / 重新生成备用码 均需提交一个 TOTP 动态码二次确认。
+/// 绑定确认 / 关闭 / 重新生成备用码 均需提交验证码二次确认,
+/// 关闭和重新生成支持 TOTP 动态码或备用码(BACKUP)两种类型。
 ///
 @Data
 @Accessors(chain = true)
-@Schema(title = "双因素认证动态码参数")
+@Schema(title = "双因素认证验证码参数")
 public class TwoFactorCodeParam {
 
-    @Schema(description = "TOTP 动态码")
+    @Schema(description = "验证码(TOTP 动态码或备用码)")
     @NotBlank(message = "{validation.field.twoFactorCode.notBlank}")
     private String code;
 
+    @Schema(description = "验证码类型: TOTP(动态码, 默认) | BACKUP(备用码)")
+    private String codeType;
+
     @Schema(description = "绑定初始化返回的密钥(仅绑定确认时必传, 其它场景从已绑定记录读取)")
     private String secret;
 }
diff --git a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/result/twofactor/TwoFactorStatusResult.java b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/result/twofactor/TwoFactorStatusResult.java
index d0a287434..0a602e51c 100644
--- a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/result/twofactor/TwoFactorStatusResult.java
+++ b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/result/twofactor/TwoFactorStatusResult.java
@@ -21,7 +21,4 @@ public class TwoFactorStatusResult {
 
     @Schema(description = "剩余可用备用验证码数量")
     private Integer backupCodesRemaining;
-
-    @Schema(description = "最后验证时间(UTC, 毫秒时间戳), 未验证返回null")
-    private Long lastVerifyTime;
 }
diff --git a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/service/twofactor/UserTwoFactorService.java b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/service/twofactor/UserTwoFactorService.java
index ef7dae7e9..5482a6eb1 100644
--- a/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/service/twofactor/UserTwoFactorService.java
+++ b/daxpay-platform/daxpay-platform-service/service-iam/src/main/java/cn/daxpay/open/platform/iam/service/twofactor/UserTwoFactorService.java
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package cn.daxpay.open.platform.iam.service.twofactor;
 
-import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
-import java.time.ZoneOffset;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
@@ -59,9 +57,7 @@ public class UserTwoFactorService {
         if (bound.isPresent()) {
             UserTwoFactor entity = bound.get();
             result.setBound(true)
-                    .setBackupCodesRemaining(entity.getBackupCodesRemaining())
-                    .setLastVerifyTime(entity.getLastVerifyTime() == null ? null
-                            : entity.getLastVerifyTime().toInstant().toEpochMilli());
+                    .setBackupCodesRemaining(entity.getBackupCodesRemaining());
         }
         else {
             result.setBound(false);
@@ -110,31 +106,30 @@ public class UserTwoFactorService {
                 .setUserId(userId)
                 .setSecret(secret)
                 .setBackupCodes(JSONUtil.toJsonStr(generated.entries()))
-                .setBackupCodesRemaining(count)
-                .setLastVerifyTime(OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneOffset.UTC));
+                .setBackupCodesRemaining(count);
         userTwoFactorManager.save(entity);
         return new BackupCodeResult()
                 .setCodes(generated.plaintextCodes())
                 .setTotal(count);
     }
 
-    /// 关闭双因素认证: 需校验动态码二次确认
+    /// 关闭双因素认证: 需校验动态码或备用码二次确认
     @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
-    public void disable(String code) {
+    public void disable(String code, String codeType) {
         Long userId = SecurityUtil.getUserId();
         UserTwoFactor entity = requireBound(userId);
-        if (!totpService.verifyCode(entity.getSecret(), code)) {
+        if (!verifyByCodeType(entity, code, codeType)) {
             throw new OperationFailException("error.iam.twoFactor.codeError");
         }
         userTwoFactorManager.deleteById(entity.getId());
     }
 
-    /// 重新生成备用验证码: 需校验动态码, 旧备用码全部作废
+    /// 重新生成备用验证码: 需校验动态码或备用码, 旧备用码全部作废
     @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
-    public BackupCodeResult regenerateBackupCodes(String code) {
+    public BackupCodeResult regenerateBackupCodes(String code, String codeType) {
         Long userId = SecurityUtil.getUserId();
         UserTwoFactor entity = requireBound(userId);
-        if (!totpService.verifyCode(entity.getSecret(), code)) {
+        if (!verifyByCodeType(entity, code, codeType)) {
             throw new OperationFailException("error.iam.twoFactor.codeError");
         }
         int count = defaultBackupCodesCount();
@@ -166,20 +161,22 @@ public class UserTwoFactorService {
             return false;
         }
         boolean valid = totpService.verifyCode(entity.getSecret(), code);
-        if (valid) {
-            updateLastVerifyTime(entity);
-        }
         return valid;
     }
 
-    /// 校验并消费备用验证码(命中即置 used, 返回 true; 无效返回 false)
+    /// 校验并消费备用验证码(登录二次验证用, 通过 userId 查 entity)
     @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
     public boolean consumeBackupCode(Long userId, String code) {
-        if (StrUtil.isBlank(code)) {
+        UserTwoFactor entity = userTwoFactorManager.findByUserId(userId).orElse(null);
+        if (entity == null) {
             return false;
         }
-        UserTwoFactor entity = userTwoFactorManager.findByUserId(userId).orElse(null);
-        if (entity == null || StrUtil.isBlank(entity.getBackupCodes())) {
+        return consumeBackupCodeInternal(entity, code);
+    }
+
+    /// 校验并消费备用验证码(内部方法, 已持有 entity, 命中即置 used)
+    private boolean consumeBackupCodeInternal(UserTwoFactor entity, String code) {
+        if (StrUtil.isBlank(code) || StrUtil.isBlank(entity.getBackupCodes())) {
             return false;
         }
         List<BackupCodeEntry> entries = JSONUtil.toList(entity.getBackupCodes(), BackupCodeEntry.class);
@@ -196,25 +193,22 @@ public class UserTwoFactorService {
         }
         if (consumed) {
             entity.setBackupCodes(JSONUtil.toJsonStr(entries))
-                    .setBackupCodesRemaining(remaining)
-                    .setLastVerifyTime(OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneOffset.UTC));
+                    .setBackupCodesRemaining(remaining);
             userTwoFactorManager.updateById(entity);
         }
         return consumed;
     }
 
-    /// 更新最后验证时间(登录验证成功后调用)
-    public void updateLastVerifyTime(Long userId) {
-        userTwoFactorManager.findByUserId(userId).ifPresent(this::updateLastVerifyTime);
+    /// 按验证码类型校验: BACKUP 校验并消费备用码, 其他校验 TOTP 动态码
+    private boolean verifyByCodeType(UserTwoFactor entity, String code, String codeType) {
+        if ("BACKUP".equalsIgnoreCase(codeType)) {
+            return consumeBackupCodeInternal(entity, code);
+        }
+        return totpService.verifyCode(entity.getSecret(), code);
     }
 
     // ==================== 内部方法 ====================
 
-    private void updateLastVerifyTime(UserTwoFactor entity) {
-        entity.setLastVerifyTime(OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneOffset.UTC));
-        userTwoFactorManager.updateById(entity);
-    }
-
     /// 校验平台是否启用双因素认证
     private void checkPlatformEnabled() {
         if (!Boolean.TRUE.equals(getConfig().getEnabled())) {